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Merlin Tuttle
Merlin Devere Tuttle, (born August 26, 1941) is an American ecologist, conservationist and wildlife photographer who has specialized in bat ecology, behavior and conservation for more than 50 years. He currently serves as Executive Director of the conservation organization, (Merlin Tuttle’s Bat Conservation ).
Tuttle is best known for his classic research on gray bat population ecology and migration,〔Tuttle, M.D. 1975. “Population ecology of the gray bat (Myotis grisescens): Factors influencing preflight growth and development.” Occ. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kans., 36:1-24.〕〔Tuttle, M.D. 1976. “Population ecology of the gray bat (Myotis grisescens): Factors influencing growth and survival of newly volant young.” Ecology, 57:587-595.〕〔Tuttle, M.D. 1976. “Population ecology of the gray bat (Myotis grisescens): Philopatry, timing and patterns of movement, weight loss during migration, and seasonal adaptive strategies.” Occ. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kans., 54:1-38.〕 discovery and research of frog-eating bats,〔Barclay, R.M., Fenton, M.B., Tuttle, M.D. and Ryan, M.J. 1981. “Echolocation calls produced by Trachops cirrhosis (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae) while hunting for frogs.” Canad. J. Zool., 59:750-753.〕〔Ryan, M.J., Tuttle, M.D. and Taft, L.K. 1981. “The costs and benefits of frog chorusing behavior.” Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 8:273-278.〕〔Tuttle, M.D. and Ryan, M.J. 1981. “Bat predation and the evolution of frog vocalizations in the Neotropics.” Science, 214(4521):677-678.〕〔Ryan, M.J. and Tuttle, M.D. 1982. “Bat predation and sexual advertisement in a Neotropical anuran.” Amer. Nat., 119:136-139.〕〔Tuttle, M.D., Taft, L.K. and Ryan, M.J. 1982. “Evasive behavior of a frog in response to bat predation.” Anim. Behav., 30:393-397.〕〔Tuttle, M.D. and Ryan, M.J. 1982. “The role of synchronized calling, ambient light, and noise in anti-bat-predator behavior of a tree frog.” Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 11:125-131.〕〔Ryan, M.J., Tuttle, M.D. and Barclay, R.M.R. 1983. “Behavioral response of the frog-eating bat, Trachops cirrhosus to sonic frequencies.” J. Comp. Physiol., 150:413-418.〕〔Ryan, M.J. and Tuttle, M.D. 1983. “The ability of the frog-eating bat to discriminate among novel and potentially poisonous species using acoustic cues.” Anim. Behav., 31:827-833.〕〔Tuttle, M.D., Ryan, M.J. and Belwood, J.J. 1985. “Acoustical resource partitioning by two species of phyllostomatid bats (Trachops cirrhosus) and Tonatia sylvicola).” Anim. Behav., 33:1369-1270.〕〔Ryan, M.J. and Tuttle, M.D. 1987. “The role of prey-generated sounds, vision and echolocation in prey localization by the African bat, Megaderma cor megadermatidae).” J. Comp. Physiol., 161:59-66.〕 the invention of harp traps for bat research〔Tuttle, M.D. 1974. “An improved trap for bats.” J. Mamm., 55:474-477.〕 and for founding and leading Bat Conservation International (BCI) for nearly 30 years.〔Locke, R. 2009. A lifetime of bats and science. BATS, 27(2): 2-12.〕 He is also recognized for his photography of bats.〔Bryan, C.D.B. 1987. The National Geographic Society: 100 Years of Adventure and Discovery. H.N. Abrams, Inc.〕〔Allen, W.L. 2001. National Geographic 100 Best Pictures (Collector’s Edition Vol.1). Nat. Geo. Soc. Pub.〕〔2007. “The best wildlife photographers of the world named by DP magazine in the year 2007.”〕 He retired from BCI in 2009 to work on an article for National Geographic and write a book.〔McGrath, S. and Tuttle, M.D. 2014. Call of the bloom. National Geographic, 225(3): 128-135.〕〔Tuttle, M.D. 2015. The Secret Lives of Bats: My Adventures with the World’s Most Misunderstood Mammals. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.〕 But his love of bats and helping people understand them drove him to found another bat conservation organization in 2014 in support of his continuing efforts as an international ambassador for bats, and to better share his unique photos and knowledge.
==Early life==
Tuttle's interest in bats began when, as a 17-year-old high school student near Knoxville, Tennessee, he discovered that gray bats in a cave near his home were present only in spring and fall, contrary to existing books which reported they lived in a single cave year-round.
Tuttle convinced his mother to take him to the Smithsonian Institution to discuss his observations with bat biologists. The specialists were intrigued and issued him bands through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Tuttle was able to band several hundred by October 1960. Two months later, he recaptured several of these banded bats in a cave a more than a hundred miles northeast of Knoxville. He had proven that they not only migrated, but had gone north instead of south in the fall.〔 This would later lead to a Ph.D. thesis on gray bats.
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